TCVO is a joint-preserving knee surgery where the upper tibia (tibial condyle) is cut and realigned into a valgus position.

* Purpose: Correct varus deformity (bow-legged knee) caused by medial compartment osteoarthritis.

* Result: Shifts body weight from the worn medial compartment to the healthier lateral compartment, reducing pain and slowing arthritis progression.

🔹 Indications (When it’s used)

* Medial knee osteoarthritis (mild to moderate)

* Varus knee deformity (bow-legged alignment)

* Relatively young or middle-aged patients (<65 years)

* Good knee motion and no advanced cartilage loss in lateral/patellofemoral compartments

* Patients wishing to delay Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)

🔹 Surgical Principle

* The surgeon makes an osteotomy (bone cut) in the proximal tibial condyle.

* The tibia is then opened and realigned into a valgus (knock-knee) position.

* A metal plate and screws stabilize the bone until healing occurs.

* This shifts load-bearing from the diseased inner (medial) part of the knee → towards the outer (lateral) side.

🔹 Advantages

* Preserves patient’s natural knee joint.

* Relieves pain by correcting alignment.

* Delays or avoids need for knee replacement.

* Allows patients to continue active lifestyle.

🔹 Limitations / Contraindications

1.Not suitable for:

* Advanced tricompartmental OA

* Severe cartilage loss in lateral side or patella

2.Elderly patients with poor bone healing capacity

* Possible complications:

* Non-union (bone not healing properly)

* Over/under correction

* Infection

* Need for later conversion to TKA